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这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Centos7如何安装MySQL8.0，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
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mysql官方下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
选择： MySQL Community Server
如果是centos，官方没有centos选择，选择redhat即可；需要查看内核版本，这里是el7,64位；命令如下：
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# uname -a Linux iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# more /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (G CC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019
下载安装包(mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar)；bundle是包含所有按照包的；通过tar -xvf命令解压
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-test-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.aarch74.rpm
也可以通过 yum install mysql-community-server 安装，但是包比较大；
还可以通过wget获取，这种方式比较方便；但是需要先去官网登录，找到对应的下载url
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar --2019-10-25 14:34:51-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [following] --2019-10-25 14:34:53-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.56.181.34 Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.56.181.34|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 684851200 (653M) [application/x-tar] Saving to: ‘mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar’ 100%[=====================================================================================>] 684,851,200 15.3MB/s in 56s 2019-10-25 14:35:50 (11.6 MB/s) - ‘mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar’ saved [684851200/684851200]
centos7默认安装了mariadb，需要先进行卸载
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb-server [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
安装顺序rpm包有依赖关系，如下：
rpm -ivh …common.rpm
rpm -ivh …libs.rpm
rpm -ivh …client.rpm
rpm -ivh …server.rpm
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# ll total 1999492 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 684851200 Sep 23 15:36 mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 40104640 Sep 23 15:19 mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 611436 Sep 23 15:20 mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 6915400 Sep 23 15:20 mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 23683600 Sep 23 15:20 mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 3877664 Sep 23 15:20 mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 1363968 Sep 23 15:20 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 450282440 Sep 23 15:21 mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 158001648 Sep 23 15:22 mysql-community-test-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.e################################# [100%] [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7################################# [100%] [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.e################################# [100%] [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.e################################# [100%] [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]#
mysql8默认安装到了/var/lib/mysql
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# ll /var/lib/mysql total 155716 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 Oct 25 14:52 auto.cnf -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 178 Oct 25 14:53 binlog.000001 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16 Oct 25 14:52 binlog.index -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 Oct 25 14:52 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Oct 25 14:52 ca.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Oct 25 14:52 client-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 Oct 25 14:52 client-key.pem -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 3449 Oct 25 14:53 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Oct 25 14:53 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 25 14:53 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 25 14:52 ib_logfile1 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 25 14:53 #innodb_temp drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 25 14:52 mysql -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 25165824 Oct 25 14:52 mysql.ibd drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 25 14:52 performance_schema -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 Oct 25 14:52 private_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 Oct 25 14:52 public_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Oct 25 14:52 server-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 Oct 25 14:52 server-key.pem drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 25 14:52 sys -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Oct 25 14:53 undo_001 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Oct 25 14:53 undo_002
默认配置文件在/etc/my.cnf
通过service mysqld服务就可以启动停止mysql了
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# service mysqld start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# service mysqld status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-10-25 14:52:50 CST; 2s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 12015 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12094 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─12094 /usr/sbin/mysqld Oct 25 14:52:42 iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Oct 25 14:52:50 iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# service mysqld stop Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop mysqld.service
1. 刚刚启动成功之后, 用命令查看默认密码并且登录
默认密码查看：cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password 登陆：mysql -u root -p 然后输入密码
2. 修改密码 set global validate_password.policy=0; set global validate_password.length=1; ALTER USER "root"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "1234"; // 新密码为1234 3. exit 退出 mysql -u root -p 然后输入密码即可登录
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password 2019-10-25T06:52:47.021899Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lV.66%i>m,7F [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.18 Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. # 修改密码策略 mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 修改密码长度校验 mysql> set global validate_password.length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 修改root密码 mysql> ALTER USER "root"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
首先关闭防火墙
//临时关闭 systemctl stop firewalld //禁止开机启动 systemctl disable firewalld
mysql8.0修改了默认认证规则；之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password,而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password, 解决此问题方法有两种,一种是升级客户端驱动,一种是把mysql用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password。
但网上教程大多数都是修改root为远程连接，并且修改认证模式；不建议这么操作，如果操作稍有问题会导致mysql无法链接，解决比较麻烦；
这里创建新用户admin，付给所有权限，可进行远程维护；操作如下
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed # 创建admin用户 mysql> create user 'admin'@'%' identified by 'Admin123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 付给所有权限 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'admin'@'%' ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 修改admin认证模式及密码 mysql> ALTER USER 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Admin123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 刷新权限 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 退出使用新用户验证登录 [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z ~]# mysql -uadmin -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 22 Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed # 查看用户配置 mysql> select host,user,plugin from user; +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | host | user | plugin | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | % | admin | mysql_native_password | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | root | caching_sha2_password | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
之后使用远程客户端Navicat验证，链接成功；
至此mysql全部安装完成~！~
这里没有进行操作，仅作为记录
首先 ， 停止mysql service mysqld stop
总共分两步：
1.卸载mysql组件
2.删除相关文件夹
# 第一步卸载mysql组件 # 查看MySQL组件 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql mysql-community-libs-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-common-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-server-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 删除 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-server-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 Preparing packages... mysql-community-server-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave # 删除 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-client-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 Preparing packages... mysql-community-client-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 删除失败 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-common-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 8.0.0 is needed by (installed) mysql-community-libs-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 继续查看 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql mysql-community-libs-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-common-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 删除 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --noscripts mysql-community-libs-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 删除 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --noscripts mysql-community-common-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 # 查看 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql # 第二步：删除相关目录 # 查看 [root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql /etc/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql # 删除 [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/mysql [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql # 再次检查，什么都没有说明卸载成功了 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
CentOS安装rpm安装MySQL时爆出警告：
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
原因：这是由于yum安装了旧版本的GPG keys造成的 解决办法：后面加上 --force --nodeps 如：rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps 好了，完美解决
只是一个警告，不处理也是可以的
提示libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
[root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64 [root@iZ2ze8diszrt8lvjh9yr86Z mysql]# yum install libaio
yum install libaio 这样就ok了，就可以继续安装mysql了。
# 查询mysql最大连接数设置 show global variables like 'max_conn%'; # 查看当前用户链接数 show global status like 'Max_used_connections'; # 查看慢查询日志是否开启以及日志位置 show variables like 'slow_query%'; # 查看慢查询日志超时记录时间 show variables like 'long_query_time'; # 查看链接创建以及现在正在链接数 show status like 'Threads%'; # 查看数据库当前链接 show processlist; # 查看数据库配置 show variables like '%quer%';
参数请根据实际情况调整，不要无脑复制
#Mysql服务的唯一编号 每个mysql服务Id需唯一 server-id = 1 #服务端口号 默认3306 port = 3306 #mysql安装根目录 basedir = /var/share/mysql-8.0 #mysql数据文件所在位置 datadir = /var/lib/mysql #pid pid-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid #设置socke文件所在目录 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock #设置临时目录 tmpdir = /tmp # 用户 user = mysql # 允许访问的IP网段 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 # 跳过密码登录 #skip-grant-tables #主要用于MyISAM存储引擎,如果多台服务器连接一个数据库则建议注释下面内容 skip-external-locking #只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名 skip_name_resolve = 1 #事务隔离级别，默认为可重复读，mysql默认可重复读级别（此级别下可能参数很多间隙锁，影响性能） transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED #数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节） character-set-server = utf8mb4 #数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci #设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' #是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感 lower_case_table_names = 1 #最大连接数 max_connections = 400 #最大错误连接数 max_connect_errors = 1000 #TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G max_allowed_packet = 128M #MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭 #MySQL默认的wait_timeout 值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效 interactive_timeout = 1800 wait_timeout = 1800 #内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M。 #比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表， #超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大 tmp_table_size = 134217728 max_heap_table_size = 134217728 #禁用mysql的缓存查询结果集功能 #后期根据业务情况测试决定是否开启 #大部分情况下关闭下面两项 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 #数据库错误日志文件 log_error = error.log #慢查询sql日志设置 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = slow.log #检查未使用到索引的sql log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 #针对log_queries_not_using_indexes开启后，记录慢sql的频次、每分钟记录的条数 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 #作为从库时生效,从库复制中如何有慢sql也将被记录 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 #慢查询执行的秒数，必须达到此值可被记录 long_query_time = 8 #检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询 min_examined_row_limit = 100 #mysql binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除 expire_logs_days = 5
slow_query_log 慢查询开启状态 slow_query_log_file 慢查询日志存放的位置（这个目录需要MySQL的运行帐号的可写权限，一般设置为MySQL的数据存放目录） long_query_time 查询超过多少秒才记录
mysql> show variables like 'slow_query%'; +---------------------------+----------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------+----------------------------------+ | slow_query_log | OFF | | slow_query_log_file | /mysql/data/localhost-slow.log | +---------------------------+----------------------------------+ mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time'; +-----------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+-----------+ | long_query_time | 10.000000 | +-----------------+-----------+
# 将slow_query_log 全局变量设置为“ON”状态 mysql> set global slow_query_log='ON'; # 设置慢查询日志存放的位置 mysql> set global slow_query_log_file='/usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log'; # 查询超过3秒就记录 mysql> set global long_query_time=3;
修改配置文件my.cnf，在[mysqld]下的下方加入
[mysqld] slow_query_log = ON slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log long_query_time = 3
3.重启MySQL服务
service mysqld restart
4.查看设置后的参数
mysql> show variables like 'slow_query%'; +---------------------+--------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------+ | slow_query_log | ON | | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log | +---------------------+--------------------------------+ mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time'; +-----------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+----------+ | long_query_time | 1.000000 | +-----------------+----------+
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