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前期的gitlab 已经开始推广测试，最近对postgresql 做了主备，这里说下方案及在实施过程中遇到的坑。
postgresql 的具安装不在此介绍。
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primary_ip： 192.168.10.2，
standby_ip： 192.168.10.3，
PGDATA： /opt/gitlab/postgresql/data，
postgresql_version：(PostgreSQL) 9.6.8，
PGCONF_DIR: $PGDATA，涉及修改的配置文件有：
1. 主备postgresql 版本需保持一致！
2. postgresql.conf 配置文件需保持一致！
3. 备库提权为主库后，切记不要直接启动原主库！1.为备库准备主库，修改配置文件
cat postgresql.conf
wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, replica, or logical
max_wal_senders = 2 # max number of walsender processes
hot_standby = on # "on" allows queries during recovery
max_connections = 300 # (change requires restart)
archive_mode = on
restore_command = ''cat pg_hba.conf
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all ::1/128 trust
host replication gitlab_replicator 192.168.10.3/32 trustcat recovery.done
restore_command = ''
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.10.3 port=5432 user=gitlab_replicator'2.创建用于复制的帐号，并赋予replication 权限
postgres=#CREATE USER gitlab_replicator REPLICATION LOGIN;3.基本备份为备库准备引导数据
postgres=#SELECT pg_start_backup(back_20180929);
cd /opt/gitlab/postgresql && tar zcf base_data.tar.gz data
postgres=#SELECT pg_start_stop();1.解压基本数据
将主库上创建的base_data.tar.gz上传到备库主机，并解压到数据目录
tar zxf base_data.tar.gz -C /opt/gitlab/postgresql/
2.修改配置文件
注：postgresql.conf 文件内此部分一定要与主库的配置保持一致，否则可能会在主从切换恢复时产生错误
cat postgresql.conf
wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, replica, or logical
max_wal_senders = 2 # max number of walsender processes
hot_standby = on # "on" allows queries during recovery
max_connections = 300 # (change requires restart)
archive_mode = on
restore_command = ''cat pg_hba.conf
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all ::1/128 trust
host replication gitlab_replicator 192.168.10.2/32 trustcat recovery.conf
restore_command = ''
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.10.2 port=5432 user=gitlab_replicator'3.启动备库，在主库执行sql，并在备库验证
主备库的判断是根据当前是否存在recovery.conf文件
在将备库提升为主库时，会自动重命名recovery.conf文件为recovery.done。同时要将主库降为备库，降备方式为重命名recovery.done文件mv recover.done recovery.conf
这样在处理完主库故障后，才会将提升到主库的更新数据同步过来
这里提供个简单的思路及脚本，前提是假设主备之间不存在网络故障,且不存在同时为主或备的情况
判断主库的状态
1.为shut down 时
判断备库是否为in archive recovery并执行将主库降为备库，将备库升为主库，其余状态发送报警
2.为in production时
判断备库是否为in archive recovery，其余状态发送报警
3.为in archive recovery时
判断备库是否为in production，其余状态发送报警
4.为shut down in recovery时
发送报警
#!/bin/bash
PRIMARY_IP="192.168.10.2"
STANDBY_IP="192.168.10.3"
PGDATA="/DATA/postgresql/data"
SYS_USER="root"
PG_USER="postgresql"
PGPREFIX="/opt/pgsql"
pg_status()
{
ssh ${SYS_USER}@$1 /
"su - ${PG_USER} -c '${PGPREFIX}/bin/pg_controldata -D ${PGDATA} /
| grep cluster' | awk -F : '{print \$2}' | sed 's/^[ \t]*\|[ \t]*$//'"
}
# recover to primary
recovery_primary()
{
ssh ${SYS_USER}@$1 /
"su - ${PG_USER} -c '${PGPREFIX}/bin/pg_ctl promote -D ${PGDATA}'"
}
# primary to recovery
primary_recovery()
{
ssh ${SYS_USER}@$1 /
"su - ${PG_USER} -c 'cd ${PGDATA} && mv recovery.done recovery.conf'"
}
send_mail()
{
echo "send SNS"
}
case "`pg_status ${PRIMARY_IP}`" in
"shut down")
case "`pg_status ${STANDBY_IP}`" in
"in archive recovery")
primary_recovery ${PRIMARY_IP}
recovery_primary ${STANDBY_IP}
;;
"shut down in recovery"|"in production")
send_mail
;;
esac
;;
"in production")
case "`pg_status ${STANDBY_IP}`" in
"shut down in recovery"|"shut down"|"in production")
send_mail
;;
esac
echo "primary"
;;
"in archive recovery")
case "`pg_status ${STANDBY_IP}`" in
"shut down")
primary_recovery ${STANDBY_IP}
recovery_primary ${PRIMARY_IP}
;;
"shut down in recovery"|"in archive recovery")
send_mail
;;
esac
echo "recovery"
;;
"shut down in recovery")
case "`pg_status ${STANDBY_IP}`" in
"shut down in recovery"|"shut down"|"in archive recovery")
send_mail
;;
esac
echo "recovery down"
;;
esacFATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for replication connection from host "192.168.1.2", user "standby", SSL off需要将用户加入到192.168.1.2的pg_hba.conf文件内，并配置好认证方式及口令
FATAL: database system identifier differs between the primary and standby
DETAIL: The primary's identifier is 6589099331306617531, the standby's identifier is 6605061381709180314这是因为在将备库提升为主库后，将原先的主库恢复为主库时没有完全将缺少的数据同步过来导致的
FATAL: number of requested standby connections exceeds max_wal_senders (currently 0)
FATAL: hot standby is not possible because max_connections = 100 is a lower setting than on the master server (its value was 200)
FATAL: hot standby is not possible because max_locks_per_transaction = 64 is a lower setting than on the master server (its value was 128)这是因为备库的数量超过主库配置的允许备库最大连接数量了
这里配置的为0
此问提出现在将备库升为主库后，将原主库降为备库同步数据时，因此需要注意这部分的配置主备要一致
postgresql 主主同步需要使用三方中间件实现，有需要的可查询相关资料
本文参考资料为postgresql 官方文档