Linux下误删文件应急恢复
维护中难免遇到状态不好的时候或者新人操作不当，一个rm –f *删除了大量的文件，导致生产重大故障，这个时候我们需要考虑文件恢复，为了能够应对这种情况，在这里讨论一个网上常用的恢复工具：extundelete，该工具支持ext3或者ext4.
1 安装
首先安装好准备包：
[root@redhat1 home]# yum install e2fs* --安装extundelete软件的依赖包
[root@redhat1 home]# rpm -aq |grep e2fs --检查软件包是否安装
e2fsprogs-devel-1.41.12-14.el6.i686
e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686
e2fsprogs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686
确认gcc编译工具齐全
gcc+
开始安装
tar xvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2
. /configure
make
make install
2 使用方法
root@localhost bin]# ./extundelete
No action specified; implying --superblock.
./extundelete: Missing device name.
Usage: ./extundelete [options] [--] device-file
Options:
--version, -[vV] Print version and exit successfully.
--help, Print this help and exit successfully.
--superblock Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest.
If no action is specified then this option is implied.
--journal Show content of journal.
--after dtime Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之后的文件。
--before dtime Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之前的。
Actions:
--inode ino Show info on inode 'ino'.
--block blk Show info on block 'blk'.
--restore-inode ino[,ino,...]
Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'.
The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES
with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345).
--restore-file 'path' Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root
of the partition and does not start with a '/'
The restored file is created in the current
directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'.
--restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'.
Each filename should be in the same format as an option
to --restore-file, and there should be one per line.
--restore-directory 'path'
Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the
root directory of the file system. The restored
directory is created in the output directory as 'path'.
--restore-all Attempts to restore everything.
-j journal Reads an external journal from the named file.
-b blocknumber Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening
the file system.
-B blocksize Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file
system. The number should be the number of bytes.
--log 0 Make the program silent.
--log filename Logs all messages to filename.
--log D1=0,D2=filename Custom control of log messages with comma-separated
Examples below: list of options. Dn must be one of info, warn, or
--log info,error error. Omission of the '=name' results in messages
--log warn=0 with the specified level to be logged to the console.
--log error=filename If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified
level will be turned off. If the parameter is
'=filename', messages with that level will be written
to filename.
-o directory Save the recovered files to the named directory.
The restored files are created in a directory
named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default.
./extundelete: Error parsing command-line options.
3 实验恢复
创建目录
/boot/test
创建测试文件
[root@localhost test]# ls -rlt
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111112.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111111.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111113.txt
删除文件
rm –rf *
4 恢复
cd /usr/local/bin/
查看可恢复的文件和目录。
./extundelete /dev/sda1 --ls --inode 2
直接恢复文件到当前目录。
./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-all
查看当前目录：RECOVERED_FILES 就可以看到删除的文件。
直接恢复指定的文件
./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-file vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
直接恢复制定的文件夹
./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-directory test
网上可参考学习
https://my.oschina.net/fufangchun/blog/176550
网站题目：Linux下误删文件应急恢复
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