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定义一个结点类：
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public class Node {
private int value;
private Node leftNode;
private Node rightNode;
public Node getRightNode() {
return rightNode;
}
public void setRightNode(Node rightNode) {
this.rightNode = rightNode;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public Node getLeftNode() {
return leftNode;
}
public void setLeftNode(Node leftNode) {
this.leftNode = leftNode;
}
}
初始化结点树：
public void initNodeTree()
{
int nodeNumber;
HashMapString, Integer map = new HashMapString, Integer();
Node nodeTree = new Node();
Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in);
nodeNumber = reader.nextInt();
for(int i = 0; i nodeNumber; i++) {
int value = reader.nextInt();
String str = reader.next();
map.put(str, value);
}
if (map.containsKey("#")) {
int value = map.get("#");
nodeTree.setValue(value);
setChildNode(map, value, nodeTree);
}
preTraversal(nodeTree);
}
private void setChildNode(HashMapString, Integer map, int nodeValue, Node parentNode) {
int value = 0;
if (map.containsKey("L" + nodeValue)) {
value = map.get("L" + nodeValue);
Node leftNode = new Node();
leftNode.setValue(value);
parentNode.setLeftNode(leftNode);
setChildNode(map, value, leftNode);
}
if (map.containsKey("R" + nodeValue)) {
value = map.get("R" + nodeValue);
Node rightNode = new Node();
rightNode.setValue(value);
parentNode.setRightNode(rightNode);
setChildNode(map, value, rightNode);
}
}
前序遍历该结点树：
public void preTraversal(Node nodeTree) {
if (nodeTree != null) {
System.out.print(nodeTree.getValue() + "\t");
preTraversal(nodeTree.getLeftNode());
preTraversal(nodeTree.getRightNode());
}
}
做了很多年的程序员，觉得什么树的设计并不是非常实用。二叉树有顺序存储，当一个insert大量同时顺序自增插入的时候，树就会失去平衡。树的一方为了不让塌陷，会增大树的高度。性能会非常不好。以上是题外话。分析需求在写代码。
import java.util.List;
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Bintrees {
private int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
private static ListNode nodeList = null;
private static class Node {
Node leftChild;
Node rightChild;
int data;
Node(int newData) {
leftChild = null;
rightChild = null;
data = newData;
}
}
// 创建二叉树
public void createBintree() {
nodeList = new LinkedListNode();
// 将数组的值转换为node
for (int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex array.length; nodeIndex++) {
nodeList.add(new Node(array[nodeIndex]));
}
// 对除最后一个父节点按照父节点和孩子节点的数字关系建立二叉树
for (int parentIndex = 0; parentIndex array.length / 2 - 1; parentIndex++) {
nodeList.get(parentIndex).leftChild = nodeList.get(parentIndex * 2 + 1);
nodeList.get(parentIndex).rightChild = nodeList.get(parentIndex * 2 + 2);
}
// 最后一个父节点
int lastParentIndex = array.length / 2 - 1;
// 左孩子
nodeList.get(lastParentIndex).leftChild = nodeList.get(lastParentIndex * 2 + 1);
// 如果为奇数，建立右孩子
if (array.length % 2 == 1) {
nodeList.get(lastParentIndex).rightChild = nodeList.get(lastParentIndex * 2 + 2);
}
}
// 前序遍历
public static void preOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
preOrderTraverse(node.leftChild);
preOrderTraverse(node.rightChild);
}
// 中序遍历
public static void inOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
inOrderTraverse(node.leftChild);
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
inOrderTraverse(node.rightChild);
}
// 后序遍历
public static void postOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
postOrderTraverse(node.leftChild);
postOrderTraverse(node.rightChild);
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bintrees binTree = new Bintrees();
binTree.createBintree();
Node root = nodeList.get(0);
System.out.println("前序遍历：");
preOrderTraverse(root);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("中序遍历：");
inOrderTraverse(root);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("后序遍历：");
postOrderTraverse(root);
}
}
首先我想问为什么要用LinkedList 来建立二叉树呢? LinkedList 是线性表,
树是树形的, 似乎不太合适。
其实也可以用数组完成，而且效率更高.
关键是我觉得你这个输入本身就是一个二叉树啊，
String input = "ABCDE F G";
节点编号从0到8. 层次遍历的话:
对于节点i.
leftChild = input.charAt(2*i+1); //做子树
rightChild = input.charAt(2*i+2);//右子树
如果你要将带有节点信息的树存到LinkedList里面, 先建立一个节点类:
class Node{
public char cValue;
public Node leftChild;
public Node rightChild;
public Node(v){
this.cValue = v;
}
}
然后遍历input,建立各个节点对象.
LinkedList tree = new LinkedList();
for(int i=0;i input.length;i++)
LinkedList.add(new Node(input.charAt(i)));
然后为各个节点设置左右子树:
for(int i=0;iinput.length;i++){
((Node)tree.get(i)).leftChild = (Node)tree.get(2*i+1);
((Node)tree.get(i)).rightChild = (Node)tree.get(2*i+2);
}
这样LinkedList 就存储了整个二叉树. 而第0个元素就是树根，思路大体是这样吧。
二叉树的相关操作，包括创建，中序、先序、后序（递归和非递归），其中重点的是java在先序创建二叉树和后序非递归遍历的的实现。
package com.algorithm.tree;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
public class Tree {
private Node root;
public Tree() {
}
public Tree(Node root) {
this.root = root;
}
//创建二叉树
public void buildTree() {
Scanner scn = null;
try {
scn = new Scanner(new File("input.txt"));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
root = createTree(root,scn);
}
//先序遍历创建二叉树
private Node createTree(Node node,Scanner scn) {
String temp = scn.next();
if (temp.trim().equals("#")) {
return null;
} else {
node = new Node((T)temp);
node.setLeft(createTree(node.getLeft(), scn));
node.setRight(createTree(node.getRight(), scn));
return node;
}
}
//中序遍历(递归)
public void inOrderTraverse() {
inOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void inOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
inOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
System.out.println(node.getValue());
inOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
}
}
//中序遍历(非递归)
public void nrInOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.pop();
System.out.println(node.getValue());
node = node.getRight();
}
}
//先序遍历(递归)
public void preOrderTraverse() {
preOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void preOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
preOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
preOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
}
}
//先序遍历（非递归）
public void nrPreOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.pop();
node = node.getRight();
}
}
//后序遍历(递归)
public void postOrderTraverse() {
postOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void postOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
postOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
postOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
System.out.println(node.getValue());
}
}
//后续遍历(非递归)
public void nrPostOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
Node preNode = null;//表示最近一次访问的节点
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.peek();
if (node.getRight() == null || node.getRight() == preNode) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
node = stack.pop();
preNode = node;
node = null;
} else {
node = node.getRight();
}
}
}
//按层次遍历
public void levelTraverse() {
levelTraverse(root);
}
public void levelTraverse(Node node) {
QueueNode queue = new LinkedBlockingQueueNode();
queue.add(node);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Node temp = queue.poll();
if (temp != null) {
System.out.println(temp.getValue());
queue.add(temp.getLeft());
queue.add(temp.getRight());
}
}
}
}
//树的节点
class Node {
private Node left;
private Node right;
private T value;
public Node() {
}
public Node(Node left,Node right,T value) {
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
this.value = value;
}
public Node(T value) {
this(null,null,value);
}
public Node getLeft() {
return left;
}
public void setLeft(Node left) {
this.left = left;
}
public Node getRight() {
return right;
}
public void setRight(Node right) {
this.right = right;
}
public T getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
测试代码：
package com.algorithm.tree;
public class TreeTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tree tree = new Tree();
tree.buildTree();
System.out.println("中序遍历");
tree.inOrderTraverse();
tree.nrInOrderTraverse();
System.out.println("后续遍历");
//tree.nrPostOrderTraverse();
tree.postOrderTraverse();
tree.nrPostOrderTraverse();
System.out.println("先序遍历");
tree.preOrderTraverse();
tree.nrPreOrderTraverse();
//
}
}
public class BinaryNode {
Object element;
BinaryNode left;
BinaryNode right;
}
import java.util.*;
public class Queue {
protected LinkedList list;
// Postcondition: this Queue object has been initialized.
public Queue() {
list = new LinkedList();
} // default constructor
// Postcondition: the number of elements in this Queue object has been
// returned.
public int size() {
return list.size();
} // method size
// Postcondition: true has been returned if this Queue object has no
// elements. Otherwise, false has been returned.
public boolean isEmpty() {
return list.isEmpty();
} // method isEmpty
// Postconditon: A copy of element has been inserted at the back of this
// Queue object. The averageTime (n) is constant and
// worstTime (n) is O (n).
public void enqueue(Object element) {
list.addLast(element);
} // method enqueue
// Precondition: this Queue object is not empty. Otherwise,
// NoSuchElementException will be thrown.
// Postcondition: The element that was at the front of this Queue object -
// just before this method was called -- has been removed
// from this Queue object and returned.
public Object dequeue() {
return list.removeFirst();
} // method dequeue
// Precondition: this Queue object is not empty. Otherwise,
// NoSuchElementException will be thrown.
// Postcondition: the element at index 0 in this Queue object has been
// returned.
public Object front() {
return list.getFirst();
} // method front
} // Queue class
import java.io.IOException;
public class BinaryTree {
BinaryNode root;
public BinaryTree() {
super();
// TODO 自动生成构造函数存根
root=this.createPre();
}
public BinaryNode createPre()
//按照先序遍历的输入方法，建立二叉树
{
BinaryNode t=null;
char ch;
try {
ch = (char)System.in.read();
if(ch==' ')
t=null;
else
{
t=new BinaryNode();
t.element=(Object)ch;
t.left=createPre();
t.right=createPre();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
return t;
}
public void inOrder()
{
this.inOrder(root);
}
public void inOrder(BinaryNode t)
//中序遍历二叉树
{
if(t!=null)
{
inOrder(t.left);
System.out.print(t.element);
inOrder(t.right);
}
}
public void postOrder()
{
this.postOrder(root);
}
public void postOrder(BinaryNode t)
//后序遍历二叉树
{
if(t!=null)
{
postOrder(t.left);
System.out.print(t.element);
postOrder(t.right);
}
}
public void preOrder()
{
this.preOrder(root);
}
public void preOrder(BinaryNode t)
//前序遍历二叉树
{
if(t!=null)
{
System.out.print(t.element);
preOrder(t.left);
preOrder(t.right);
}
}
public void breadthFirst()
{
Queue treeQueue=new Queue();
BinaryNode p;
if(root!=null)
treeQueue.enqueue(root);
while(!treeQueue.isEmpty())
{
System.out.print(((BinaryNode)(treeQueue.front())).element);
p=(BinaryNode)treeQueue.dequeue();
if(p.left!=null)
treeQueue.enqueue(p.left);
if(p.right!=null)
treeQueue.enqueue(p.right);
}
}
}
public class BinaryTreeTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO 自动生成方法存根
BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
System.out.println("先序遍历：");
tree.preOrder();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("中序遍历：");
tree.inOrder();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("后序遍历：");
tree.postOrder();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("层次遍历：");
tree.breadthFirst();
System.out.println();
}
}
/**
* [Tree2.java] Create on 2008-10-20 下午03:03:24
* Copyright (c) 2008 by iTrusChina.
*/
/**
* @author WangXuanmin
* @version 0.10
*/
public class Tree2Bef {
private StringBuffer bef=new StringBuffer();
//传入中序遍历和后序遍历,返回前序遍历字串
public String getBef(String mid, String beh) {
//若节点存在则向bef中添加该节点,继续查询该节点的左子树和右子树
if (root(mid, beh) != -1) {
int rootindex=root(mid, beh);
char root=mid.charAt(rootindex);
bef.append(root);
System.out.println(bef.toString());
String mleft, mright;
mleft = mid.substring(0,rootindex);
mright = mid.substring(rootindex+1);
getBef(mleft,beh);
getBef(mright,beh);
}
//所有节点查询完毕,返回前序遍历值
return bef.toString();
}
//从中序遍历中根据后序遍历查找节点索引值index
private int root(String mid, String beh) {
char[] midc = mid.toCharArray();
char[] behc = beh.toCharArray();
for (int i = behc.length-1; i -1; i--) {
for (int j = 0; j midc.length; j++) {
if (behc[i] == midc[j])
return j;
}
}
return -1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tree2Bef tree=new Tree2Bef();
String mid="84925163A7B";
String bef="894526AB731";
System.out.println(tree.getBef(mid,bef));
}
}
树结构如图:
1
|-------|
2 3
|---| |---|
4 5 6 7
|-| |-|
8 9 A B