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1.表空间碎片
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----1.查看fsfi值
select a.tablespace_name,
trunc(sqrt(max(blocks)/sum(blocks))* (100/sqrt(sqrt(count(blocks)))),2) fsfifrom dba_free_space a,dba_tablespaces bwhere a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_nameand b.contents not in('TEMPORARY','UNDO','SYSAUX')group by A.tablespace_nameorder by fsfi;如果FSFI小于30%则表空间碎片太多.
fsfi的最大可能值为100（一个理想的单文件表空间）。随着范围的增加，fsfi值缓慢下降，而随着最大范围尺寸的减少，fsfi值会迅速下降。
---2.查看dba_free_space
dba_free_space 显示的是有free 空间的tablespace ，如果一个tablespace 的free 空间不连续，那每段free空间都会在dba_free_space中存在一条记录。如果一个tablespace 有好几条记录，说明表空间存在碎片，当采用字典管理的表空间碎片超过500就需要对表空间进行碎片整理。
select a.tablespace_name ,count(1) 碎片量 fromdba_free_space a, dba_tablespaces bwhere a.tablespace_name =b.tablespace_nameand b.contents not in('TEMPORARY','UNDO','SYSAUX')group by a.tablespace_namehaving count(1) 20order by 2;
-----3.按照表空间显示连续的空闲空间
Script. tfstsfgm
SET ECHO off
REM NAME:TFSTSFRM.SQL
REM USAGE:"@path/tfstsfgm"
REM REM REQUIREMENTS:
REM SELECT ON DBA_FREE_SPACE
REM REM PURPOSE:
REM The following is a script. that will determine how many extentsREM of contiguous free space you have in Oracle as well as theREM total amount of free space you have in each tablespace. FromREM these results you can detect how fragmented your tablespace is.
REM
REM The ideal situation is to have one large free extent in yourREM tablespace. The more extents of free space there are in theREM tablespace, the more likely you will run into fragmentationREM problems. The size of the free extents is also very important.
REM If you have a lot of small extents (too small for any nextREM extent size) but the total bytes of free space is large, thenREM you may want to consider defragmentation options.
REM ------------------------------------------------------------------------REM DISCLAIMER:
REM This script. is provided for educational purposes only. It is NOTREM supported by Oracle World Wide Technical Support.
REM The script. has been tested and appears to work as intended.
REM You should always run new scripts on a test instance initially.
REM ------------------------------------------------------------------------REM Main text of script. follows:
create table SPACE_TEMP (
TABLESPACE_NAME CHAR(30),
CONTIGUOUS_BYTES NUMBER)
/
declare
cursor query is select *
from dba_free_space
order by tablespace_name, block_id;
this_row query%rowtype;
previous_row query%rowtype;
total number;
begin
open query;
fetch query into this_row;
previous_row := this_row;
total := previous_row.bytes;
loop
fetch query into this_row;
exit when query%notfound;
if this_row.block_id = previous_row.block_id + previous_row.blocks thentotal := total + this_row.bytes;insert into SPACE_TEMP (tablespace_name)values (previous_row.tablespace_name);
else
insert into SPACE_TEMP values (previous_row.tablespace_name,total);total := this_row.bytes;end if;
previous_row := this_row;
end loop;
insert into SPACE_TEMP values (previous_row.tablespace_name,total);end;.
/
set pagesize 60
set newpage 0
set echo off
ttitle center 'Contiguous Extents Report' skip 3break on "TABLESPACE NAME" skip page duplicatespool contig_free_space.lisremcolumn "CONTIGUOUS BYTES" format 999,999,999column "COUNT" format 999column "TOTAL BYTES" format 999,999,999column "TODAY" noprint new_value new_today format a1remselect TABLESPACE_NAME "TABLESPACE NAME",CONTIGUOUS_BYTES "CONTIGUOUS BYTES"from SPACE_TEMPwhere CONTIGUOUS_BYTES is not null
order by TABLESPACE_NAME, CONTIGUOUS_BYTES desc;select tablespace_name, count(*) "# OF EXTENTS",sum(contiguous_bytes) "TOTAL BYTES"from space_tempgroup by tablespace_name;
spool off
drop table SPACE_TEMP
/
********************************************************************************2.表碎片********************************************************************************----方法1：显示碎片率最高的200个表(基于统计信息是否准确)col frag format 999999.99col owner format a30;col table_name format a30;
select * from (
select a.owner,
a.table_name,
a.num_rows,
a.avg_row_len * a.num_rows total_bytes,
sum(b.bytes),
trunc((a.avg_row_len*a.num_rows)/sum(b.bytes),2)*100||'%' fragfrom dba_tables a,dba_segments bwhere a.table_name=b.segment_nameand a.owner=b.owner
and a.owner not in
('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','DMSYS','TSMSYS','DBSNMP','WMSYS','EXFSYS','CTXSYS','XDB','OLAPSYS','ORDSYS','MDSYS','SYSMAN')group by a.owner,a.table_name,a.avg_row_len,a.num_rowshaving a.avg_row_len*a.num_rows/sum(b.bytes)0.7order by sum(b.bytes) desc)where rownum=200;---方法2：
-- 收集表统计信息
exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname='SCOTT',tabname= 'TBLORDERS');-- 确定碎片程度SELECT table_name, trunc(ROUND ((blocks * 8), 2)/1024,2) "High water levelM",trunc(ROUND ((num_rows * avg_row_len / 1024), 2)/1024,2) "Real used spaceM",trunc(ROUND ((blocks * 10 / 100) * 8, 2)/1024,2) "Reserve space(pctfree) M",trunc( ROUND (( blocks * 8- (num_rows * avg_row_len / 1024)- blocks * 8 * 10 / 100
),
2
) /1024,2) "Waste spaceM"
FROM dba_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TBLORDERS';
********************************************************************************3.索引碎片********************************************************************************---1..查看索引高度为2并且索引大小超过20M的索引select id.tablespace_name,id.owner,id.index_name,
id.blevel,
sum(sg.bytes)/1024/1024,
sg.blocks,
sg.extents
from dba_indexes id,dba_segments sg
where id.owner=sg.owner
and id.index_name=sg.segment_name
and id.tablespace_name=sg.tablespace_nameand id.owner not in('SYS','SYSTEM','USER','DBSNMP','ORDSYS','OUTLN')and sg.extents100and id.blevel=2group by id.tablespace_name,
id.owner,
id.index_name,
id.blevel,
sg.blocks,
sg.extents
having sum(sg.bytes)/1024/102420;
---2.analyze index方法(会锁表)
analyze index index_name validate structure;select del_lf_rows*100/decode(lf_rows,0,1,lf_rows) pct_deleted from index_stats;如果pct_deleted20%说明索引碎片严重.
********************************************************************************4.automatic segment advisor********************************************************************************数据表上频繁的进行插入、更新和删除动作会产生表空间碎片。Oracle可在表或索引上执行Segment shrink。
使得segment的空闲空间可用于表空间中的其它segment，可改善DML性能。
调用Segment Advisor对指定segment执行增长趋势分析以确定哪些Segment受益于Segment shrink。
执行shrink操作，Segment Advisor推荐启用表的ROW MOVEMENTSQL alter table scott.tblorders enable row movement;variable id number;begindeclare
name varchar2(100);
descr varchar2(500);
obj_id number;
begin
name:='Manual_tblorders';
descr:='Segment Advisor Example';
dbms_advisor.create_task (
advisor_name = 'Segment Advisor',
task_id = :id,
task_name = name,
task_desc = descr);
dbms_advisor.create_object (
task_name = name,
object_type = 'TABLE',
attr1 = 'SCOTT',
attr2 = 'TBLORDERS',
attr3 = NULL,
attr4 = NULL,
attr5 = NULL,
object_id = obj_id);
dbms_advisor.set_task_parameter(
task_name = name,
parameter = 'recommend_all',
value = 'TRUE');
dbms_advisor.execute_task(name);
end;
end;
/
---删除执行计划
declare name varchar2(100);
begin
name:='Manual_tblorders';
DBMS_ADVISOR.DELETE_TASK (name);
end;
/
---手动执行计划
declare name varchar2(100);
begin
name:='Manual_tblorders';
dbms_advisor.execute_task(name);
end;
/
NOTE:如果执行计划结果中已经有数据则不能直接手动执行需要删除再执行---查看手动新建的计划是否已经执行完成select task_id, task_name, status,advisor_name,created from dba_advisor_taskswhere owner = 'SYS' and task_name='Manual_tblorders' and advisor_name = 'Segment Advisor' ;select af.task_name, ao.attr2 segname, ao.attr3 partition, ao.type, af.messagefrom dba_advisor_findings af, dba_advisor_objects aowhere ao.task_id = af.task_idand ao.object_id = af.object_idand af.task_id=task_id;
----只查询可以进行shrink操作的对象
select f.task_name, o.attr2 segname, o.attr3 partition, o.type, f.messagefrom dba_advisor_findings f, dba_advisor_objects owhere o.object_id = f.object_idand o.task_name=f.task_name--and f.message like '%shrink%'
and f.message like '%收缩%'
and f.task_id=task_id
order by f.impact desc;
---查看automatic segment advisor的recommendations结果select tablespace_name, segment_name, segment_type, partition_name,recommendations, c1 fromtable(dbms_space.asa_recommendations('FALSE', 'FALSE', 'FALSE5. 碎片整理方法5.1表空间碎片整理
alter tablespace users coalesce;
5.2表碎片整理
方法1:exo/imp或data pump数据泵技术
---方法2:CTAS
create table newtable as select * from oldtable;drop table oldtable;rename table newtable to oldtable;----方法3:move tablespace技术
alter table table_name move tablespace newtablespace_name;----方法4:shrinkalter table table_name enable row movement;alter table table_name shrink space cascade; --压缩表以及相关数据段并下调HWMalter table table_name shrink space compact; --只压缩数据不下调HWM,不影响DML操作alter table table_name shrink space; --下调HWM,影响DML操作----方法5:online redefinition--online redefinition具有的应用场景:
1).Online table redefinition enables you to:
2).Modify the storage parameters of a table or cluster3).Move a table or cluster to a different tablespace4).Add or drop partitioning support (non-clustered tables only)5).Change partition structure6).Change physical properties of a single table partition, including moving it to a different tablespace in the same schema7).Change physical properties of a materialized view log or an Oracle Streams Advanced Queueing queue table8).Add support for parallel queries9).Re-create a table or cluster to reduce fragmentation10).Convert a relational table into a table with object columns, or do the reverse.
11).Convert an object table into a relational table or a table with object columns, or do the reverse.
这个方法很多吧，可以使用语句查询，也可以使用oracle数据库工具查看，还可以用EM。
我这有个自己写的sql脚本，是平时自己看公司数据库表空间状态时用的。你可以参考下：
.查看所有表空间的碎片程度（值在30以下表示碎片很多）
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),sum(free),sum(free)*100/sum(bytes) from (select
b.file_id file_ID,
b.tablespace_name tablespace_name,
b.bytes Bytes,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) used,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) free,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 Percent
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
order by b.file_id) group by tablespace_name order by sum(free)*100/sum(bytes)；
查看表空间是否自动扩展
select file_name,autoextensible,increment_by from dba_data_files;
表空间自动扩展
alter database datafile 'path:\datafile name' autoextend on next 1M maxsize 100M;
表空间大小
select tablespace_name,count(*),sum(blocks),sum(bytes)/1024/1024
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name;
使用情况
select df.tablespace_name "表空间名",totalspace "总空间M",freespace "剩余空间M",round((1-freespace/totalspace)*100,2) "使用率%"
from
(select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) totalspace
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) df,
(select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) freespace
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) fs
where df.tablespace_name=fs.tablespace_name;
select tablespace_name,sqrt(max(blocks)/sum(blocks))*
(100/sqrt(sqrt(count(blocks)))) FSFI
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name order by 1;
查询这个,当FSFI=30的时候建议整理碎片,
另外这种问题分类选数据库分类比较好
4、检查碎片化严重的表 8K数据块
col owner format a20
col table_name format a40
col "act/block %" format 9999999
select owner,table_name,act_size,block_size,round(act_size/block_size*100,3) "act/block %"
from (
select owner,table_name,round((blocks*8/1024),3) block_size,round((avg_row_len*num_rows/1024/1024),3) act_size
from dba_tables
where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') AND blocks0
)
where block_size20 and round(act_size/block_size,3)*10030;