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关于串口通讯的问题：
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很明显，你还不知道（不会、不习惯）使用事件驱动的方式接收数据。如雀
建议你仔细看看串口组件（无论VB6还是VB点虐 ）的OnComm事件，你的问渣局早题很容易解决。
关于以太网通讯：
在TCP通讯中端口确实可以重用，你百度一下“TCP端口重用”能查到很多示例。
但绝大多数情况下不推荐端口重用，而应该采取服务器端建立连接池的方法。
或者腊哪，干脆不用TCP，用UDP解决也可以。
用 vb点虐 socket通信
Dim th As Threading.Thread
2 Dim tcpl As System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener
3
4 Private Sub Form1_Load()Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
5 th = New System.Threading.Thread(New System.Threading.ThreadStart(AddressOf MyListen))
6 th.Start()
7 End Sub
8
9 Public Sub SendMessage()Sub SendMessage(ByVal IP As String, ByVal SendMsg As String)
10 Try
11 If IP "" Then
12 Dim tcpc As New System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient(IP, 5656)
13 Dim tcpStream As Net.Sockets.NetworkStream = tcpc.GetStream
14 Dim reqStream As New IO.StreamWriter(tcpStream)
15 reqStream.Write(SendMsg)
16 reqStream.Flush()
17 tcpStream.Close()
18 tcpc.Close()
19 End If
20 Catch ex As Exception
21 MsgBox(ex.Message.ToString)
22 End Try
23 End Sub
24 Private Sub MyListen()Sub MyListen()
25 Try
26 Dim ipAddress As System.Net.IPAddress = System.Net.Dns.Resolve(System.Net.Dns.GetHostName).AddressList(0)
27 tcpl = New System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener(ipAddress, 5656)
28 tcpl.Start()
29 While True
30 Dim s As System.Net.Sockets.Socket = tcpl.AcceptSocket()
31 Dim MyBuffer(1024) As Byte
32 Dim i As Integer
33 i = s.Receive(MyBuffer)
34 If i 0 Then
35 Dim lstrRec As String
36 Dim j As Integer
37 For j = 0 To i - 1
38 TextBox1.Text += Chr(MyBuffer(j)) ","
39 Next
40 End If
41 End While
42 Catch ex As Exception
43 MsgBox(ex.Message.ToString)
44 End Try
45 End Sub
46
47 Private Sub Button1_Click()Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
48 SendMessage("192.168.0.61", TextBox2.Text)
49 End Sub
串口通信最终都是用二进制传输的，你用代码把二进制转化成十六进制就可以了。不需要额外设置。