189 8069 5689
本篇目录结构：
让客户满意是我们工作的目标，不断超越客户的期望值来自于我们对这个行业的热爱。我们立志把好的技术通过有效、简单的方式提供给客户，将通过不懈努力成为客户在信息化领域值得信任、有价值的长期合作伙伴，公司提供的服务项目有：域名申请、虚拟主机、营销软件、网站建设、武冈网站维护、网站推广。
安装linux的环境，我就不介绍了，这一部分如果不会的童鞋就去百度吧，一百度一大堆，如果还是不会的话就直接下载我已经安装好的系统吧，下载下来直接可用（http://yunpan.cn/cgkEsf8wpHC2G （提取码：90f5）），复制3份，直接命名为rac1、rac2和dg即可，如图：
在rac1和rac2 2个节点上分别执行如下语句：
[root@rac01 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig iptables --list
iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
chkconfig iptables off ---永久
service iptables stop ---临时
/etc/init.d/iptables status ----会得到一系列信息，说明防火墙开着。
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop ----------关闭防火墙
#vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=rac1
# hostname rac1
Rac 2 上同样执行
hosts文件：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#Public IP
192.168.59.135 rac1
192.168.59.136 rac2
#Private IP
192.168.116.133 rac1-priv
192.168.116.134 rac2-priv
#Virtual IP
192.168.59.137 rac1-vip
192.168.59.138 rac2-vip
#Scan IP
192.168.59.139 rac-scan
[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# for oracle 11g
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2147483648
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使修改参数立即生效：
[root@rac01 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p
[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
getsebool
getsebool: SELinux is disabled
root 用户双节点运行：
gird时间同步所需要的设置(11gR2新增检查项)
#Network Time Protocol Setting
/sbin/service ntpd stop
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak （这时候oracle会自动启用自己的NTP服务）
[root@node1 ~]# service ntpd status
ntpd is stopped
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd stop
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/ntp
ntp/ ntp.conf
[root@node1 ~]# cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
[root@node1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/ntp.conf
[root@node1 ~]#
解决方法：
例如：为了将/dev/shm的大小增加到1GB，修改/etc/fstab的这行：默认的：
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成：
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1024m 0 0
size参数也可以用G作单位：size＝1G。
或者使用命令： mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
重新mount /dev/shm使之生效：
# mount -o remount /dev/shm
或者：
# umount /dev/shm
# mount -a
马上可以用"df -h"命令检查变化。
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
为oracle和grid用户设密码：
[root@rac01 ~]# passwd oracle
[root@rac01 ~]# passwd grid
检查：
[root@ora1 ~]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),506(asmdba)
[root@ora1 ~]# id grid
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall)
groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin),505(asmoper),506(asmdba)
? GRID 软件的 ORACLE_HOME 不能是 ORACLE_BASE 的子目录
--在2个节点均创建，root用户下创建目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
修改gird、oracle用户的.bash_profile文件，以oracle账号登陆，编辑.bash_profile
或者在root直接编辑：
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
vi /home/grid/.bash_profile
--------Oracle User----切换到Oracle用户下------
[root@rhel_linux_asm ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rhel_linux_asm ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=rac1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
--------Grid User-----切换到grid用户下-----
[grid@rhel_linux_asm ~]$ vim .bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
注意：另外一台数据库实例名须做相应修改：
Oracle：export ORACLE_SID=rac2
grid：export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
依据官方文档要求，Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5须安装如下软件包
一般情况下除了compat的一些包没有安装外，其他的包都已经安装了，可以使用rpm –qa |grep
rpm -qa | grep binutils-
rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++-
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel-
rpm -qa | grep glibc-
rpm -qa | grep glibc-common-
rpm -qa | grep glibc-devel-
rpm -qa | grep gcc-
rpm -qa | grep gcc-c++-
rpm -qa | grep libaio-
rpm -qa | grep libaio-devel-
rpm -qa | grep libgcc-
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-devel-
rpm -qa | grep make-
rpm -qa | grep sysstat-
rpm -qa | grep unixODBC-
rpm -qa | grep unixODBC-devel-
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686.rpm --force --nodeps
rpm -ivh unixODBC-* --force --nodeps
rhel6 还应该安装一个包：compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm
chkconfig autofs off
chkconfig acpid off
chkconfig sendmail off
chkconfig cups-config-daemon off
chkconfig cpus off
chkconfig xfs off
chkconfig lm_sensors off
chkconfig gpm off
chkconfig openibd off
chkconfig pcmcia off
chkconfig cpuspeed off
chkconfig nfslock off
chkconfig ip6tables off
chkconfig rpcidmapd off
chkconfig apmd off
chkconfig sendmail off
chkconfig arptables_jf off
chkconifg microcode_ctl off
chkconfig rpcgssd off
chkconfig ntpd off
虽然在安装软件的过程中，oracle 会自动配置 SSH 对等性，建议在安装软件之前手工配置。
以oracle身份在每个节点执行
为ssh和scp创建连接，检验是否存在：
ls -l /usr/local/bin/ssh
ls -l /usr/local/bin/scp
不存在则创建
/bin/ln -s /usr/bin/ssh /usr/local/bin/ssh
/bin/ln -s /usr/bin/scp /usr/local/bin/scp
[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/ssh /usr/local/bin/ssh
[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/scp /usr/local/bin/scp
为oracle用户配置SSH：
生成用户的公匙和私匙，在每个节点上：
[root@rac01 ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh
[oracle@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa
在节点1上，把所有节点的authorized_keys文件合成一个，再用这个文件覆盖各个节点.ssh下的同名文件：
[oracle@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keys rac02:/home/oracle/.ssh/
分别在每个节点上执行检验操作:
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL
[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-add
为grid用户配置SSH：
在每个节点上：
[root@rac01 ~]# su – grid
[grid@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh
[grid@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa
在节点1上
：
[grid@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[grid@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keys rac02:/home/grid/.ssh/
分别在每个节点上:
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL
[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-add
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------自己：
为Oracle用户配置SSH：
以oracle身份在每个节点执行以下代码
su - oracle
mkdir ~/.ssh
cd .ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
cat *rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
cat *dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
然后在rac1下：
ssh rac2 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys >> authorized_keys
scp authorized_keys rac2:/home/oracle/.ssh/
然后分别在每个节点上执行检验操作:
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac2 date
ssh-agent $SHELL
ssh-add
为grid用户配置SSH：
以grid身份在每个节点执行
su - grid
mkdir ~/.ssh
cd ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
cat *rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
cat *dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
然后在rac1节点下执行：
ssh rac2 cat /home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys >> authorized_keys
scp authorized_keys rac2:/home/grid/.ssh/
然后分别在每个节点上执行检验操作:
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac2 date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac2-priv date
第二次执行时不再提示输入口令，并且可以成功执行命令，则表示 oracle 用户 SSH 对等性
配置成功，至此，Oracle 用户 SSH 对等性配置完成！重复上述步骤，以 grid 用户配置对等性。
ssh-agent $SHELL
ssh-add
注意： 该步骤可以不配置然后在安装的过程中有如下的界面可以来配置：
root用户下执行：
A. sed -i 's/OPTIONS/#OPTIONS/g' /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
B.
cat >> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd << EOF
OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"
EOF
C.
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.confbak
D.
cat > /etc/ntp.conf << EOF
restrict 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 nomodify
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
broadcastdelay 0.008
authenticate no
keys /etc/ntp/keys
EOF
A.
sed -i 's/OPTIONS/#OPTIONS/g' /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
B.
cat >> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd << EOF
OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"
EOF
C.
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.confbak
D.
cat >> /etc/ntp.conf << XL
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict 182.168.8.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
restrict 127.0.0.1
server 182.168.8.61
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
broadcastdelay 0.008
authenticate no
keys /etc/ntp/keys
XL
#service ntpd restart
#chkconfig ntpd on