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mysql的rand函数可以生成一个0到1之间的随机数，进行一定的放大即可得到一个随机数。再通过条件查询来限制新随机数没有在表中出现过。如下所示：
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SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * 99999) AS random_numFROM numbers
WHERE "random_num" NOT IN (SELECT my_number FROM numbers)
LIMIT 1
MYSQL 取随机数
2010年04月26日 星期一 09:48
mysql 取随机数
--对一个表取任意随机数
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST)))
order by id LIMIT 1;
--有条件性的取随机数
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() *
((SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9) -
(SELECT MIN(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))) +
(SELECT MIN(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))
AND GID = 9
ORDER BY ID LIMIT 1;
--gid上存在索引
或者
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST AS t1 JOIN
(SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))
+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id = t2.id AND t1.GID = 9
ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
#########
不要用下面的杯具写法
mysql insert into tmp_xf_test(user_nick,gid,item_id,gmt_create,gmt_modified,memo)
- select user_nick,gid,item_id,gmt_create,gmt_modified,memo from tmp_xf_test;
Query OK, 165888 rows affected (9.65 sec)
Records: 165888 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql SELECT *
- FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `tmp_xf_test` )
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo |
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| 467 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-26 14:56:39 | 2010-04-26 14:56:39 | 玄风测试使用的数据 |
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (51.12 sec)
mysql explain SELECT *
- FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `tmp_xf_test` )
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: PRIMARY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 2
select_type: UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: idx_tmp_xf_test_gid
key_len: 4
ref: NULL
rows: 331954
Extra: Using index
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
---
mysql SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test` t1 join
- (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) as id FROM `tmp_xf_test` ) as t2
- where t1.id =t2.id
- ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo | id |
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
| 40311 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 玄风测试使用的数据 | 40311 |
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.14 sec)
##############
mysql SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `tmp_xf_test`)))
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo |
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| 1352 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 玄风测试使用的数据 |
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql explain SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `tmp_xf_test`)))
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: PRIMARY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 3
select_type: SUBQUERY
table: NULL
type: NULL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
Extra: Select tables optimized away
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
对应的另外一种杯具写法是：
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (MAX(ID) - MIN(ID))) + MIN(ID) MID
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE GID = 9)
AND GID = 9 LIMIT 1;
rand() 随机生成 0 - 1的浮点数 , 常与其他函数结合使用 ,比如 ceiling,floor,LPAD 等
如果要指定指定范围的随机整数的话，需要用这个公式FLOOR(i + RAND() * j),比如
# 生成 7 - 11的随机数 SELECT FLOOR(7 + (RAND() * 5));
floor 地板; 取小于该值的最大整数 ,比如 0
mysql select floor(1.23),floor(-1.23);
1 -2
ceiling 则相反,向上取整,取大于该值的最小整数 ,比如
SELECT CEILING(1.23); # 2
SELECT CEIL(-1.23); # -1
lpad 是左填充, 用法如下 :
LPAD(RAND()*31 + 1,2,'0')) # 取01-31的随机整数 ,保留两位,如果是一位,左边填0
MySql数据库随机函授Rand()可以产生0~1之间带小数的随机数，只要将括号中的参数留空，所产生的数是完全随机的，出现重复的几率不大，但是不可避免会有重复的可能，如果需要完全避免重复，可以先用随机函数产生一堆数字，然后用剔除其中的重复数这个办法来实现。
例如先用循环产生一批随机数并存入数据表中，再用
select distinct colName from tableName;
选出无重复的随机数予以应用
在mysql调用rand函数生成随机数，sql代码示例： UPDATE `表名` SET `字段名`=ceiling(rand()*500000+500000) WHERE (条件);