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你指的是VB 6.0 还是 VB.net ？，VB.net 中的 system.io 命名空间中有 SerialPort 控件，可以实现串口通信，各种参数都可以可视化设置，VB 6.0 我觉得应该也差不多，希望对你有帮助~
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你需要了解硬件和软件问题
1）硬件：你先确认一下，光谱仪和计算机是通过什么接口来通讯的（例如RS232 RS485 RS422 等）
2）软件：通讯协议（例如Modbus canbus Profibus control-net 等）
或者光谱仪供应商提供驱动程序（DLL动态连接库）
然后再用VB VC 等编程软件来开发你的控制程序
Private Const WS_CHILD = H40000000
Private Const WS_VISIBLE = H10000000
Private Const WM_CAP_START = H400
Private Const WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT = WM_CAP_START + 10
Private Const WM_CAP_SET_SCALE = WM_CAP_START + 53
Private Const WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE = WM_CAP_START + 52
Private Const WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW = WM_CAP_START + 50
Private Declare Function capCreateCaptureWindowA Lib "avicap32.dll" ( _
ByVal lpszWindowName As String, _
ByVal dwStyle As Long, _
ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Integer, _
ByVal hWndParent As Long, ByVal nID As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Integer, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
Private Sub Form_Load()
'建立采集窗口（不显示窗口，处理后显示到PIC控件）
uwndc = capCreateCaptureWindowA("", WS_VISIBLE Or WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 320, 240, Me.hWnd, 0)
'连接
SendMessage uwndc, WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT, 0, 0
'Scale开
SendMessage uwndc, WM_CAP_SET_SCALE, True, 0
'显示刷新MS
SendMessage uwndc, WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE, 40, 0
'用予览方式显示(特殊需要，不显示予缆）
SendMessage uwndc, WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW, True, 0
End Sub
上述代码就可以实现 但是要注意相应的控件是否存在 不存在的 你自己画出来
1·绑定数据源来进行连接
2.用代码连接
先到数据库建立一个数据库和相应的表
连接数据库的代码：
Dim str As String = "Data Source=服务器名;Initial Catalog=数据库名;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=;Password="
dim conn As SqlClient.SqlConnection
try
conn = New SqlClient.SqlConnection
conn.ConnectionString = str
conn.Open()
Return True
Catch ex As Exception
MsgBox(ex.ToString)
Return False
End Try
登录代码：Dim str As String = "Data Source=服务器名;Initial Catalog=数据库名;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=;Password="
dim conn As SqlClient.SqlConnection
conn = New SqlClient.SqlConnection
conn.ConnectionString = str
conn.Open()
sqlstr = "Select * From Amd Where AmdName='" TextBox1.Text "' And AmdPwd = '" TextBox2.Text "'"
Dim sqlcmd As SqlClient.SqlCommand = New SqlClient.SqlCommand(sqlstr, conn)
Dim dr As SqlClient.SqlDataReader
dr = sqlcmd.ExecuteReader
If dr.Read = True Then '判断一条记录为真
kf.Show() '显示下个窗体
Me.Hide() ’隐藏当前窗体
Else
MessageBox.Show("输入信息有误！", "提示")
TextBox1.Text = ""
TextBox2.Text = ""
End If